etymology · 1500s–1600s

disaster

Drift #8 · May 20, 2026 · nature

Meaning comparison

Today it means

a sudden great catastrophe; a calamity

It used to mean (1500s–1600s)

under a bad star; ill-fated by celestial influence

Etymology

'Disaster' comes from Italian 'disastro' — dis (bad) + astro (star). Medieval Europeans believed the stars governed fate. A disaster was an event occurring under a malign celestial influence, long before it came to mean any great calamity.

The Drift

How the meaning shifted over time

the drift

1500sunder ill-starred astrological influence
1600san event caused by adverse stars
1700sany sudden terrible misfortune
1800s+a great catastrophe

In Historical Context

The astrologer declared the voyage a disaster before it had begun, for Saturn stood in opposition to Mars at the moment of departure.

Adapted from an Elizabethan navigation accountc. 1590

drift fact

'Influenza' comes from the same astrological worldview — the disease was once thought caused by the 'influence' of the stars.

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