etymology · 1300s–1500s

hazard

Drift #5 · May 17, 2026 · abstract

Meaning comparison

Today it means

a danger; a source of risk

It used to mean (1300s–1500s)

a dice game; a game of chance

Etymology

'Hazard' entered English from Old French 'hasard' — a dice game — which came from Spanish 'azar' (ill luck at dice), itself from Arabic 'az-zahr' (the die). The unpredictable outcome of the game gradually generalised to mean any risky or uncertain situation.

The Drift

How the meaning shifted over time

the drift

1300sa dice game
1400srisk or chance in a game
1500sany uncertain or dangerous situation
1600s+a source of danger; a risk

In Historical Context

He spent his evenings at hazard, throwing the dice in smoky taverns and wagering what little coin he had.

Adapted from a medieval English versec. 1350

drift fact

The same Arabic root 'az-zahr' may also be linked to 'azure' — the blue colour of the sky, or perhaps the blue of certain dice.

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