etymology · 700s–900s

lord

Drift #21 · Jun 2, 2026 · status

Meaning comparison

Today it means

a person of high rank; a British title of nobility

It used to mean (700s–900s)

the guardian of bread; the head of a household who provides food

Etymology

'Lord' comes from Old English 'hlāford' — hlāf (loaf of bread) + weard (guardian). A lord was literally a bread-guardian, the one who fed the household. 'Lady' carries the same root: 'hlæfdige' — the bread-kneader. Nobility was originally defined by the ability to feed others.

The Drift

How the meaning shifted over time

the drift

700sthe keeper of bread; provider of food for a household
900smaster of the household; one who commands
1100sa feudal superior; a landowner
1300s+a noble; a person of high rank

In Historical Context

He was a generous lord of the hall, never letting any man leave his table unsatisfied, for his honour lay in the abundance of what he gave.

Adapted from an Old English heroic poemc. 850

drift fact

'Lady' comes from the same bread root — 'hlæfdige,' the bread-kneader. Lord and Lady were originally defined entirely by their roles feeding the household.

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